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āļžāļš 85 āļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢ

  • Pakistan | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    PAKISTAN BANGLADESH INDIA INDONESIA PHILIPPINES āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļē: āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ: āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ COVID-19 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ LATEST NEWS UPDATES 22 December 2022 Pakistan, ADB sign agreements worth $1.5bn for various projects ​ 19 October 2021 Pakistan in deep economic crisis, needs $51.6 billion external financing over two year period ​ 6 August 2021 ADB approves $500m loan to help Pakistan procure Covid-19 vaccines ​ 10 June 2021 ADB approves $500m emergency loan for Pakistan

  • Asian People's Call on Challenging ADB's Immunity | NGO Forum on ADB

    Open Call Background Asian People's Call Venue Session āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡: āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB 20 āđ€āļĄāļĐāļēāļĒāļ™ 2017 āļ„āļģāļ™āļģ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ›āļĩ āļž.āļĻ. 2509 āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ (ADB) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĨāļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļ­āļ āļēāļžāļĨāļ§āļ‡āļ•āļēāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™ āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ°āļ”āļĄāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļē 250,000 āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ”āļ­āļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļķāđˆāļ‡āļĻāļ•āļ§āļĢāļĢāļĐāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđāļ›āļ‹āļīāļŸāļīāļ ADB āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļĒāļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļĒ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāđāļĢāļ‡āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ 50 āļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ­āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāļąāļ”āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™ āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™ āļ‚āļēāļ”āļŠāļēāļĢāļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļīāļ§āđ‚āļŦāļĒ āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļœāđˆāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāđ„āļ›āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļļāļāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ: āļ›āđˆāļēāđ„āļĄāđ‰ āđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģ āļĄāļŦāļēāļŠāļĄāļļāļ—āļĢ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļģāļāļīāļ™ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āļŠāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ•āļ§āđŒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āļŠāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒāļžāļ·āļŠāđƒāļ™āđāļŦāļĨāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļĻāļąāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāļĄāļąāļ™ ADB āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđ‚āļĨāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļŦāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļāļ›āļĢāļ āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļĢāļē āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™ āļŠāļĄāļēāļ„āļĄāđ€āļĒāļēāļ§āļŠāļ™ āļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 19-20 āđ€āļĄāļĐāļēāļĒāļ™ 2560 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ SOLAIR āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļ§āđˆāļē ADB āļĄāļĩāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļšāļšāđ€āļ­āļēāļĢāļąāļ”āđ€āļ­āļēāđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļš - āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļ”āļĨāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļĄāļĩāļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ„āļš āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļąāļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļīāļšāđ‚āļ•āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļˆāļēāļāđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡ Country Partnership Strategies (CPS) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļĢāļđāļ›āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒ (Structural Adjustment Programs, Technical Assistance on Policy, āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļĢāļđāļ›āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļšāļ”āļđāđāļĨ) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ āļēāļ„āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļŠāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļēāļœāļĨāļāļģāđ„āļĢāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļœāđˆāļēāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļĨāđˆāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™ ADB āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† (āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļˆāļēāļĢāļĩāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļžāļ“āļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļģāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļĄāļ•āļīāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļžāļē ADB āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āļŠāļīāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĨāļ”āļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™ ADB āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ Tyranny - ADB āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ āļīāļšāļēāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āđāļ•āđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāđ€āļœāļ”āđ‡āļˆāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ”āļ‚āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ”āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒ āļ‹āļēāļĄāļąāļ§ āļ›āļēāļ›āļąāļ§āļ™āļīāļ§āļāļīāļ™āļĩ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­ āļ­āļąāļŸāļāļēāļ™āļīāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ ADB āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļāļ”āļ‚āļĩāđˆāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāļēāļāļĢ āļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļŦāļēāļĒāđƒāļˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ„āļąāļ”āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” ADB āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆ - āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ­āļŦāļąāļ‡āļ„āļīāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļ™āļ—āļĻāļ§āļĢāļĢāļĐāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāđāļāđ‰āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĨāļēāļ”āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ (āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢ) āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāļ”āļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļāļąāļš Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) ADB āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāļķāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ–āļđāļāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ—āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļžāļĨāļīāļ‡āļŸāļ­āļŠāļ‹āļīāļĨāļŠāļāļ›āļĢāļāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļœāļŠāļīāļāļāļąāļšāļ”āļēāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĨāļļāļāđ„āļŦāļĄāđ‰ āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āļŦāļĒāļąāļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāđ€āļŠāļ˜āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ„āļģāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ”āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢ āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆ 50 āļ™āļĩāđ‰ ADB āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āļāļĢāļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ”āđ† āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļāļēāļ“āļāļąāļšāļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļšāļ”āļđāđāļĨāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđ€āļĢāļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļāļąāļšāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ ADB āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļ§āļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĨāļđāļāļ‚āļļāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļĢāļ°āļœāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ āļēāļĒāļ™āļ­āļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ° āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADBs āļĒāļ­āļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđāļ•āđˆāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē 50 āļ›āļĩ āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB Immunity āđƒāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ āļēāļ„āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē 1) āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļŦāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļģāļ āļąāļĒāļžāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļĄāļēāļāļĄāļēāļĒ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āđ€āļ™āļ›āļēāļĨ āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļĢāļąāļāļ„āļĩāļĢāđŒāļāļĩāļ‹ āļāļąāļĄāļžāļđāļŠāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļ§ āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ„āļģāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļĩāļĢāđŒāļāļĩāļ‹āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ ADB āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļ™āđ‰āļģāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ€āļ‹āļšāļēāļ‡āđ„āļŸāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĨāļēāļ§ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļœāļīāļ§āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡ āļ™āļ­āļāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ”āđ€āļŠāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļāđ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļ­āļš āļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāđ‰āļē āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļšāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒ ADB āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ āļąāļĒāđ„āļ‚āđ‰āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļš āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™ āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļĨāđ„āļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļēāļ§ āđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļĄāļžāļđāļŠāļē āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļˆāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ—āļļāļāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāđ‰āļē āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļąāļ”āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļīāļšāđ‚āļ•āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ 2) āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™ āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ­āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™ āđāļĄāđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļ ADB āļˆāļ°āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĨāļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āđāļ•āđˆāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļˆāļšāļĨāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ— āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļąāļ§āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļĨāļąāļ”āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāļžāļīāļŠāļđāļˆāļ™āđŒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŸāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŸāļđāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĨāļąāļšāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ–āļđāļāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļāļĨ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļ‡āļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļāđ‡āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” 3) āļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļ„āļēāļĢāđŒāļšāļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļ—āļĩāđˆ 50 āļ›āļĩ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ āļēāļ„āļ–āđˆāļēāļ™āļŦāļīāļ™āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ āļŠāļļāļ‚āļ āļēāļž āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļœāļĨāļąāļāļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļž/āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ āļ™āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāđāļĢāļ‡ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđƒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ°āļ­āļēāļ” āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļāđˆāļ āļēāļ„āļ–āđˆāļēāļ™āļŦāļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļĨāļ”āļ„āļēāļĢāđŒāļšāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļˆāļąāļ”āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļĢāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļžāļĒāļž/āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļĩāđ‰āļ āļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ 4) āļ‚āļēāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠ āļāļēāļĢāļāļ”āļ‚āļĩāđˆ āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ CSO āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļĨāļ‡ ADB āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ—āļĐāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļ™āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ­āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™ āđ€āļ­āļ”āļĩāļšāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ ADB āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļāļāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļļāļˆāļĢāļīāļ• āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĒāļ­āļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ ADB āļ„āļ§āļĢāļžāļđāļ”āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđ† āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļŠāļđāļāļŦāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāđ€āļœāļ”āđ‡āļˆāļāļēāļĢ āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ—āļĐ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāđ€āļžāļīāļāđ€āļ‰āļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ ADB āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļ‹āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™ 5) āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ§āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļˆāļēāļāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđ€āļĢāļēāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĄāļēāļ§āđˆāļē ADB āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ„āļēāļĢāļžāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āļ•āļ™āđ‰āļģāļ–āļđāļāđāļ›āļĢāļĢāļđāļ›āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļīāļ”āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļāļąāļšāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™ āļ„āļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļ™āļģāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļąāļšāļĄāļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļ„āļĢāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļ™āļ°āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļ§āļąāļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļŠāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļ­āļšāļŠāļīāļ™āļ„āđ‰āļēāļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļđāļ›āđ‚āļ āļ„ ADB āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ„āļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļĻāļēāļĨāļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āđ€āļ„āļēāļĢāļžāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ILO āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ 6) āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļ—āđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđ€āļ­āļ”āļĩāļšāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļ—āđ‰āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļĢāļēāļ°āļšāļēāļ‡ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡ āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļžāļīāļāļēāļĢ ADB āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāđ„āļāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ–āļķāļ‡ āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĒāđ‰āļēāļĒāļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļāļēāļ™ āļŠāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļ§āļąāļŠāļ”āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļĢāļžāļšāļļāļĢāļļāļĐ āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļąāļšāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĩāļšāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļš (āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ) āđƒāļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ CSO āļ–āļđāļāļ•āļĢāļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ­āļĄāļĄāļīāļ§āļ™āļīāļŠāļ•āđŒ āļœāļđāđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļīāļ”āļ­āļēāļ§āļļāļ˜ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ§āļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāđŒāļ§āļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ”āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļˆāļēāļ "āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒ Road To 2030" āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ™āđ‰āļ™āļĒāđ‰āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļē āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™ ADBs āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒ āđ€āļĢāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āļ”āļīāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ™āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē ADB āļĨāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļŠāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ„āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™ āļ–āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđƒāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĢāļĒāļĻāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĢāļēāļˆāļķāļ‡ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ–āļ­āļ”āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āļąāļ”āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĻāļąāļāļ”āļīāđŒāļĻāļĢāļĩ āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļē āļ­āļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļē āđāļĨāļ°āđāļœāđˆāļ™āļ”āļīāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļē ​ ​ ​

  • Bangladesh | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    PAKISTAN BANGLADESH INDIA INDONESIA PHILIPPINES āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļē: āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ: āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ COVID-19 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ LATEST NEWS Read the latest COVID-19 Research produced by Coastal Livelihood and Environmental Action Network (CLEAN) and Change Initiatives in Bangladesh Download UPDATES 22 January 2022 Bangladesh to approach ADB for $940m in fresh aid ​ 29 November 2021 ADB extends $150 million loan to help small enterprises to recover ​ 18 November 2021 $150m ADB loan to support Covid-hit small enterprises in Bangladesh ​ 3 November 2021 AIIB to extend $250 million loan for economic recovery ​ 24 September 2021 ADB Approves $250 Million Loan for Bangladesh Economic Recovery Program ​ 26 June 2021 ADB Approves $940 Million for Bangladesh COVID-19 Vaccines WEBINAR SERIES: BANGLADESH Hasan Mehedi from CLEAN (Coastal Livelihood and Environmental Action Network), Bangladesh shares the findings of the research ‘Country Assessment Report on COVID-19 recovery loans provided by Bilateral and Multilateral Financial Institution in Bangladesh’. The research aims to revitalize Governance and Public Interest in the COVID19 Recovery External Debts provided by International Financial Institutes (IFIs).

  • ADB-AIIB COVID19 Loan Tracker | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    PAKISTAN BANGLADESH INDIA INDONESIA PHILIPPINES āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļ™āļ‚āđˆāļēāļ§āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļąāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ—āļīāļĻāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ (ADB) āđāļĨāļ°āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ (AIIB) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļāļđāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļšāļīāļāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ™ COVID19 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļšāļ—āļ§āļ™ āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ›āļēāļāļĩāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™ āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ

  • Strat Plan | NGO Forum on ADB

    āđāļœāļ™āļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ›āļĩ 2563 āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄ NGO āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš ADB āļ–āļđāļāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰ "āđāļœāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒ 2014-2020: āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš" ​ āļ­āļĩāļ 6 āļ›āļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™ Forum āļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ ADB āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļĨāļđāļāļ„āđ‰āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđƒāļ™āļ™āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļŦāļ§āđˆāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļšāđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ ADB āļˆāļļāļ”āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ“āļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļļāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļ„āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļš āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™ āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ§āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ­āļšāļ‡āļēāļ™ āđāļœāļ™āđāļ„āļĄāđ€āļ›āļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ 2555 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļŊ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ 2556 āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļĨāļąāļ‡ āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļēāļ§āļīāļ— āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ (IC) / āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļīāļ˜āļīāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§ āļ—āļĩāļĄāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļąāļāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ IC āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ āļ”āļđāđāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĩāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™ āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ™ āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŦāļĒāļļāļ”āļ™āļīāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ·āļ­ “āđāļœāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™â€ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļœāļ™āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļĒāļēāļ§āļ›āļĩ 2549 āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļž āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļˆāļąāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļēāļĢāđŒāđ€āļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļ™āļĩāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ āļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒ āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļē āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļąāļĄāļžāļđāļŠāļē āđ€āļĄāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ™āļ›āļēāļĨāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļ›āļĩ 2013 Forum Forum āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāļ–āļķāļ‡āļĄāļļāļĄāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļš ADB āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ§āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāļœāļĨ āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđāļĢāļ‡āļāļ”āļ”āļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļ°āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļ„āļĄāđ€āļ›āļāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļģāļ›āļĢāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„ āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļāļĨāļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āđŒāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ­āđ€āļ„āļ‹āļąāļŠ (āļšāļīāļŠāđ€āļ„āļ āļ„āļĩāļĢāđŒāļāļĩāļ‹āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™) āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ•āđ‰ (āļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļŊ āđ„āļ—āļĒ) āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰ (āļ˜āļēāļāļē āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ) āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ™āļļāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļĄāđˆāļ™āđ‰āļģāđ‚āļ‚āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āđāļ—āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļąāļĄāļžāļđāļŠāļē āđ€āļ§āļĩāļĒāļ”āļ™āļēāļĄ āđāļĨāļ° INGOs āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļžāļŊ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļ„āļ“āļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļˆāļąāļ”āļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļœāļ™āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļŦāđ‰āļēāļ›āļĩ āđāļœāļ™āļĒāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ 6 āļ›āļĩ “āđāļœāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™â€ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļ„āļĄāđ€āļ›āļāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ āļēāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāđ„āļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļ°āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āđƒāļ™āļ—āļģāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™ āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāđˆāļĄāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāđˆāļĄ āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļēāļ‡ āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ•āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļēāļŦāļąāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™: āļ™āđ‰āļģ āļžāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™ (āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļąāļ„āļĢāđƒāļˆ āļŠāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡) āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļĻāļŠāļ āļēāļžāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļĄāđāļ”āļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļēāļ”āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ 2020 āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ™āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ™āļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļš āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļķāļ‡āļ”āļđāļ” ADB āđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™ ADB āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļš āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠ āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āđŒāļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ†

  • Asian People's Call | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    Open Call Background Asian People's Call Venue Session NGO Forum on ADB āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļāđ‰āļēāļ•āļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāļĄāļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ›āļĩ 2535 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļāļˆāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ™āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļīāļ• āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļ‡āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļ ADB āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļąāļāļ”āļąāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļŠāļēāļ˜āļēāļĢāļ“āļŠāļĄāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ . āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļŠāļ°āļ•āļēāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ 10 āļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āđ€āļ‚āļĄāļĢāđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŸāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļŸāļđāļ—āļēāļ‡āļĢāļ–āđ„āļŸāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĨāļļāļĄāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡ 335 āļāļĄ. āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĨāļąāļ”āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒ 4164 āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļąāļ§ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ–āđˆāļēāļ™āļŦāļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ—āļēāļĄāļļ āļ™āļ”āļĢāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ”āļĩ āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ–āļīāđˆāļ™āļāļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ”āļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļš āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļĨāđˆāļēāļŠāļļāļ” āļĄāļŦāļąāļ™āļ•āļ āļąāļĒāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāđˆāļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāļ„āļ­āļ›āđ€āļ›āļ­āļĢāđŒ, āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļđāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ 'āļšāļąāļāļ•āļļāđŠāļ' āļŦāļēāļĒāđ„āļ› āđāļĨāļ° āđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ™āđ‰āļģāđ€āļ—āļīāļ™ 2 āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđˆāļ­āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļēāļĒāļ™āđ‰āļģāđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ„āļĢāļšāļĢāļ­āļš 50 āļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ (ADB) āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļē āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒ NGO āđāļĨāļ° CSO āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ„āļĄāđ€āļ›āļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļĒāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ–āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāđ„āļŦāļĄ CSO āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļģāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāļĄ NGO āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļš ADB āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ­āļšāļŠāļ§āļ™āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ IMMUNITY āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰ ADB āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ—āļĐāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄ āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ­āļ‡ āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļžāļŦāļļāļ āļēāļ„āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ·āļ™ āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļđāđˆāđ„āļ›āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ CSO āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡ 50 āļ›āļĩāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ‡

  • India | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    PAKISTAN BANGLADESH INDIA INDONESIA PHILIPPINES āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļē: āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ: āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ COVID-19 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ LATEST NEWS Read the latest COVID-19 Research produced by Growthwatch, India from the Philippines and NGO Forum on ADB. Download UPDATES 22 February 2022 ADB lends record USD 4.6 bn loans to India in 2021 ​ 1 December 2021 ADB approves $1.5 B for COVID-19 vaccines in India ​ 21 November 2021 Why is India taking out loans for covid-19 vaccines? ​ 24 November 2021 Govt of India, Asian Development Bank sign $300 million loan ​ 21 May 2021 ADB commits record USD 3.92 billion loan to India in 2020

  • ADB Accountability Mechanism News | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢ Latest News Sign the 1M Petition ADB Project Tracker Media NGO Forum on ADB Comments: Safeguard Compliance and Accountability Mechanism Framework for Investments Supported by Financial Intermediaries In Forum’s experience, there are several fundamental problems in ensuring FI Accountability to Safeguards – Project cycle bound timely release of project information in a meaningful manner for local peoples FIs need to ensure that environmental and social due diligence is implemented at the highest standards by their clients On issues of non-compliance, an independent and responsive redress mechanism has to be in place to ensure remedy for affected peoples. Keeping these three principles in mind the following comments have been made to the AMF- In the introductory section of the AMF, the lack of implementation of Equator Principles has been cited as a clear gap in FI accountability. We would recommend that the shift from guidelines for FIs to binding requirements should be emphasized in this section to strengthen the conceptual framework for this AMF. In line with comments from Accountability Counsel, we re-echo the need for learning to be upfront in this document for the AMF (Section 12, pg 4). For the AMF to work effectively it has to be able to learn from each case and make the necessary reforms to strengthen implementation. The issue of lessons learned and feedback loops built into the AMF system to help reform the structure will be critical to bringing diverse types of FI’s to compliance. On the issue of FI Sub-project categorization (pg.8) there is a need to ensure that a comprehensive ESIA is conducted to ensure the ‘Big B’ Category projects are deemed Category A. This is a potential risk especially for Infrastructure Funds, examples can be drawn from the Emerging Asia Fund of the AIIB and IFC, which has been tapped by Summit Power Group to retrofit several coal plants and build 4 new power generation facilities, which are fossil fuel based. The impacts from these projects will be long term and immediate and will require comprehensive ESIAs to ensure Safeguards are implemented. FIs and there parent funding institutions such as commercial banks and multilateral banks should have a strict monitoring role over their clients on environmental and social due diligence. The current practice of client-led safeguarding and self- reporting is no longer a viable model to ensure that AMF objectives are reached, thus we strongly recommend that monitoring and evaluation roles by FIs and their parent financial institutional investors should have an overseeing function. This is maybe done through further elaborating on a governance framework for FIs and their FI Clients, with detailed monitoring requirements in place. We are noticing for both ADB and AIIB projects that the Grievance Redress Mechanisms are often not effective at the local level. For MDBs it has been a real challenge to ensure that local GRMs have worked effectively; this will be a bigger challenge for an FI client to ensure. In this case, we recommend that project level GRMs should be – Meaningfully accessible for local communities Ensure complainants protection from backlash and retaliation Ensure remedial response The paper recognizes the shortcomings of GRMs - "However, GRMs are often poorly designed or implemented, and thus create mistrust and conflict between communities and the project executing agency. Finally, it must be noted that project-level GRM is not a substitute for an accountability mechanism at the institutional (financial intermediary) level, because the GRM cannot determine whether the financial intermediary has complied with its own environmental and social policies, standards, and procedures." Thus it has to be explicitly stated that accessing local GRMs should not be made a pre- requisite for local communities to trigger the Accountability Mechanism for an FI project. As mentioned earlier the fundamental problem with FI non-compliance to Safeguards is the lack of Time Bound Disclosure of project information to local people. At present local communities have no way of assessing whether FI subprojects are indeed FIs and what policies and mechanisms are entailed in their operations. From a community perspective, the following information has to be provided pre-project approval – Area and scale of the project Clear description of project cycle, construction, environmental and social impacts Clear assessment of project benefits sharing, compensations and allocations Clear understanding on rights, privileges and redress mechanisms for communities in cases of violations. All of language needs and ensuring that poor and vulnerable groups such as women, children and people with disabilities are made aware of all project related information. This is where the governance structure of this AMF will prove to be critical to ensure that Clients are complying with the disclosure needs at the local level. Provisions should also be made upstream in the project cycle to ensure that information disclosure needs are all met before a project is approved for implementation. The Forum re-echos Accountability Counsels recommendation on following the best practice example from the Green Climate Fund - which works with FIs, or accredited entities – The GCF has adopted a high degree of disclosure in line with international best practice, including time-bound disclosure of crucial project information – such as environmental and social impact assessments – ahead of approval. The degree and timing of disclosure are calibrated according to the risk profile of the investment: with more and better disclosure for the highest risk (Category A). The following excerpts from its 2016 Information Disclosure Policy describe the degree of disclosure: “Environmental and social reports. With respect to the project and program funding proposals that have an environmental or social impact, the Accredited Entities (AE’s) shall disclose and announce to the public and, via the Secretariat, to the Board and Active Observers: in case of Category A projects, the Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA) and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) at least 120 days in advance of the AE’s or GCF’s Board decision, whichever is earlier; in the case of Category I-1 programs, the Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS)2 at least 120 days in advance of the AE’s or GCF’s Board decision, whichever is earlier; in the case of Category B projects, the ESIA3 and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)4 at least 30 days in advance of the AE’s or GCF’s Board decision, whichever is earlier; and in the case of Category I-2 programs, the ESMS at least 30 days in advance of the AE’s or GCF’s Board decision, whichever is earlier.” The Forum recognizes the independence embedded in the structure proposed in this AMF and would make the following recommendations on the mechanism proposed- In the submission of a complaint, there should be a provision for complaints to be filed by international and regional representatives as authorized representatives for local and in-country representatives who are unable to step forward due to security risk and conflict scenarios. In cases where the IRM has proved that there have been issues on non-compliance, then all consultations between the client and the community MUST have the IRM present to ensure power equity in information exchange. This has to be an integral part of ensuring that a complaint process and remedial action are done objectively. In it’s entirety this AMF is an innovative and needed effort in holding FIs accountable. āļ˜āļ™āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļ­āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ (ADB) Project Monitoring Energy Campaign Safeguards Public Information Policy Accountability Mechanism Strategy 2030

  • Indonesia | NGO Forum on ADB | Lungsod Quezon

    PAKISTAN BANGLADESH INDIA INDONESIA PHILIPPINES āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļē: āļšāļąāļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ€āļ—āļĻ: āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ COVID-19 āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ LATEST NEWS UPDATES 19 November 2021 ADB approves $500million loan to help Indonesia improve human capital ​ 5 April 2021 ADB approves $450 M loan to help Indonesia deliver effective COVID-19 vaccines

  • Org Structure | NGO Forum on ADB

    āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāđ€āļĢāļē āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ | āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āđˆāļēāļĒ | āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ | āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ | āļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļšāļšāđˆāļ­āļĒ āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļ›āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŸāļ­āļĢāļąāđˆāļĄ āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš ADB āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļš AIIB āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļāđˆāļēāļĒāļšāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ āđāļ­āļ”āļĄāļīāļ™āđāļĨāļ° āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļšāļģāļĢāļļāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™

  • Forum Application Portal | ngoforumonadb

    FORUM NETWORK APPLICATION PORTAL Last name(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) First name(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) Email(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) What is your perspective regarding fossil fuels and international financial institution (IFI)?(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) How do you envision a campaign to stop gas projects supported by the ADB and AIIB?(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) Upload your Resume(āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™) Upload Resume Submit

  • Ripple Effects | ngoforumonadb

    RippleFX Map Read more about the exhibition | See the artwork up close | Read the Press Release RIPPLE EFFECT The 'Ripple Effect' Watercolor Exhibition seeks to illuminate the intricate connections between environmental degradation, social injustice, and human rights violations stemming from the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) projects. This significant exhibition, scheduled from May 1-5, 2024, in Tbilisi, Georgia, serves as a platform for impacted communities to voice their concerns and convey a potent message using the evocative medium of watercolor. ​ The exhibition's core theme delves into the far-reaching consequences of ADB-funded destructive projects on global social and ecosystems. Artists will utilize watercolor as a poignant medium, capturing the innate beauty of water juxtaposed with the challenges and destruction wrought by ADB initiatives. Furthermore, these watercolor paintings will undergo digital reproduction to extend their reach via social media platforms. Unveiling ADB's Ecological & Human Rights Violations through Watercolor Narratives This exhibition is presented by the NGO Forum on ADB in collaboration with the Coalition for Human Rights in Development, CEE Bankwatch, and Green Alternative, with support from the Heinrich BÃķll Stiftung Southeast Asia. - ABOUT THE ARTISTS - MORSALINA ANIKA A young visual artist from Bangladesh is currently pursuing her studies in the Fine Arts with a specialization in painting. Alongside her academic pursuits, she has passionately engaged in various social movements over the past seven years, advocating for causes such as anti-corruption, road safety, anti-rape, abolition of the Digital Security Act, and the protection of trees on Satmasjid Road, among others. Presently she holds a role as a member in the film and fine arts department of Bangladesh Udichi Shilpogosthi (central parliament). LABANI JANGI A 2020 PARI Fellow and self-taught painter from West Bengal's Nadia district, explores the intersection of art and social issues. Currently pursuing a PhD on labor migrations at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata, her work reflects a deep engagement with human experiences and societal dynamics. ​ * Art pieces are digitized by Karl Isaac Santos from the Philippines. Back to Top Promises Unfulfilled Song Bung 4 Hydropower Project | Vietnam This painting tells the tragic story of a 156-megawatt hydropower project in Vietnam funded by the ADB. It depicts the impending devastation for the Ka Tu ethnic minority, underscoring the ADB's negative role in disregarding safeguards and public communication policies. The artwork vividly shows the ADB's failure to consult stakeholders transparently, expressive strokes unveil the struggles of affected families, emphasizing issues like housing, livelihood, and compensation inadequacies. In the Flow of Opposition Tanahu Hydropower Project | Nepal This piece captures the essence of the Tanahu Hydropower Project in Nepal, funded by the ADB, amidst a backdrop of serene landscapes. However, within the gentle strokes lie shadows of contention and struggle. The artwork portrays the obstacles faced by the project, including issues of inadequate compensation, insufficient consultation, and incomplete impact assessments. Indigenous communities are depicted expressing their concerns about representation and the potential harm to their ancestral lands. Allegations of violating ADB policies linger in the background, adding layers of complexity to the unfolding narrative. Silent Desolation Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project | India This piece portrays the silent struggles of fish workers, farmers, herders, and communities on the verge of poverty. Funded by the ADB, the flawed implementation of the massive power station has left a mark of environmental and social devastation. Tragadi bandar, Kothadi bander, and Navinal, once vibrant, now echo stories of debt cycles, diminished fish catch, and shattered dreams. This artwork serves as a poignant reminder that affected communities seek justice, amplifying the voices silenced by coal dust, salinity, and economic exploitation. Nature's Last Stand Railway Sector Investment Program | India This piece captures the delicate balance between nature's beauty and the looming threat of railway expansion in the Western Ghats. Funded by the ADB, the proposed project cuts through biodiversity hotspots, endangering ecosystems and disrupting the lives of indigenous communities. The artwork stands as a powerful reminder of the vulnerability at hand and the pressing requirement for sustainable policies. It represents the enduring global battle for environmental conservation amidst unbridled development. Phulbari's Fight Against Corporate Greed Phulbari Coal Project | Bangladesh Capturing the resilient spirit of Phulbari, this evocative watercolor painting stands as a testament to the community's fierce resistance against the proposed coal mining project. As the ADB withdrew its support, echoing the global call to halt the Phulbari coal project, the canvas reflects the tragic 2006 protests, the unwavering determination of the Forum network and allies, and the alarming environmental impact, emphasizing the displacement of 130,000 people and the absence of a viable plan to prevent acid mine contamination. Shadows of Progress Visayas Base-load Power Project | Philippines In this watercolor painting, the Visayas Base-load Power Project funded by the ADB is portrayed amidst a landscape of vibrant hues. Yet, within the serene scenery lie contours of contention. Environmental concerns ripple through the canvas, as the looming presence of coal-fired power plants raises questions about sustainability and ecological balance. Social displacement casts shadows on the landscape, as communities grapple with the implications of land acquisition and resettlement. Amidst these challenges, the delicate dance between energy security and environmental stewardship unfolds. Journey Through the CAREC Corridor CAREC Transport Corridor 1 | Kyrgyz Republic This painting depicts the intricate pathways of the CAREC Transport Corridor, connecting Central Asian nations for trade and cooperation. Vibrant hues illustrate the promise of connectivity and economic growth. However, looming in the background are the shadows of challenges. Security risks in conflict zones and the environmental impact of infrastructure development cast uncertainties on the corridor's future. Through delicate brushstrokes, it serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities inherent in progress and the necessity for mindful navigation through interconnected landscapes. Ripples of Concern Mahaweli Water Security Investment Program | Sri lanka This artwork captures the story of the Mahaweli Water Security Investment Program in Sri Lanka, funded by the ADB. Serene hues depict the tranquil waters of the Mahaweli River, yet beneath the surface, concerns emerge. Environmental impact shadows the landscape as the infrastructure alters the river's flow, impacting the habitat of native elephants. Social displacement adds complexity as communities confront land acquisition and resettlement. Technical challenges illustrate the complexities of water management. Financial sustainability and governance issues further complicate the picture. Teesta's Troubled Waters Teesta Irrigation Project | Bangladesh This art piece delves into the complexities surrounding the Teesta Irrigation Project, funded by the ADB. Amidst serene landscapes, turbulent currents of controversy and challenge swirl. Disputes over water-sharing agreements cast shadows, echoing the struggles of communities along the riverbanks. Environmental concerns paint the canvas with hues of habitat destruction and biodiversity loss, while the displacement of local communities adds layers of social upheaval. Shadows of Steam Geothermal Power Generation Project | Indonesia In this watercolor, the story of the ADB-funded Geothermal Power Generation Project in Indonesia unfolds. Vibrant hues capture Indonesia's lush landscapes, yet uncertainty clouds its geothermal potential. Environmental concerns arise as land subsidence and habitat disruptions threaten project sustainability. Social displacement complicates matters as communities face land acquisition and resettlement. Technical challenges illustrate the complexities of geothermal development. Financial hurdles and regulatory landscapes add further complexity. The Indorama Puzzle Indorama Climate-Resilient Farmer Livelihood and COVID-19 Recovery Project | Uzbekistan This watercolor painting encapsulates the intricate challenges encountered within the Indorama Agro project. Initially hailed for its promises of agricultural revitalization and employment opportunities, the reality depicted here is one of uncertainty and hardship for farmers and workers alike. Vibrant strokes portray the lush fields of promise contrasted with the shadows of delayed payments and job insecurity. The journey through this project is riddled with complexities, as depicted by the subtle nuances and layers of emotion within the artwork. A Brushstroke of Injustice Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project | Cambodia Within the gentle strokes, the painting unfolds the narrative of 4,000 families forsaken by a misguided railway upgrade, backed by the ADB. The watercolor articulates the tales of inadequate compensation, unfulfilled pledges, and shattered aspirations of Cambodia's impoverished. A visual elegy to the repercussions of policy failures, urging a transformative shift in accountability. Back to Top Ripple Effect Exhibition RippleFX Art

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